A schematic representation of the overlap region in a collision is shown in gray, along with overall particle emission patterns in the transverse (x-y) plane, represented by large arrows. a) Non-flow sources: These are independent emissions, such as those from resonance decays or jets, where jets are collimated streams of hadrons created when a high-energy quark or gluon fragments after a collision. These effects lead to few-particle correlations but are not related to collective behavior in the system and have been subtracted from the final anisotropic flow measurements (see methods subsection \ref{SubSec:corr_template} for details). b) Anisotropic flow: This illustrates the development of anisotropic flow in a partonic system, propagated to the level of hadrons via the quark coalescence process, which describes the experimental measurements in the intermediate \pt range ($\sim$3--8 GeV/c). In this process, two or three flowing partons coalesce to form mesons or baryons, which then interact with each other. The large arrows represent the overall anisotropy of particle emission in the transverse plane, with stronger expansion along the short (x) axis.