K/$\pi$ (top) and p/$\pi$ (bottom) $\pt$-integrated ratios as a function of $\langle {\rm d}N/{\rm d}\eta \rangle$ measured in pp, p--Pb, and Pb--Pb collisions at different center-of-mass energies. Empty boxes represent the total systematic uncertainties and bars indicate the statistical ones. Colored lines represent the predictions from different tunes of PYTHIA 8 and EPOS4 for pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV.